forget password? windows 7, xp, NT

My daughters reset my windows password and forgot it on a windows 7 ultrimate pc. there is only one user account. Spend a several days and find the easiest way is to use "Offline NT Password &Registrator editor" by http://pogostick.net/~pnh/ntpasswd/.

I collect this tool in my software/tools sub.

fix spotlight crash hackintosh

I have a perfect hackintosh with GA-EP-43 board and intel core2 8400 except spotlight crash whenever try to input more three letters (or number or any other something). I had almost given up to fix it since it took more months and there was no any tip on the internet. by chance I searched a Chinese forum and here comes a tip:
jeremy xu

Posts: 1
Registered: Jun 21, 2010

	Re: spotlight crash after update to 10.6.4 Posted: Jun 21, 2010 9:25 AM in response to: Jorge Gustavo G...
i have the same problem, then i copy all dictionaries in "/Library/Dictionaries" from 10.5.8 to 10.6.4 , the problem disappeared. sorry for my poor English!

I don't have 10.5.8. But I open " /Library/dictionaries" and move all (three files) out off that dictory. Aha, no more crash!!!!. I then test by copy the dictionary file back, one by one, and no crash!!!. this is really strange. Good thing is no more crash!!!

How can root forcefully logout a user in linux?

Use the who command to see list of logged in users and
sudo pkill -KILL -u username
to log out use

geant4 installation on Linux

I got so many troubles in trying install Geant4 on Linux (Ubuntu, CentOs, Federo....). Everytime I got Geant4 initial installation errors.

Now no any error by install the following packages before Geant4:
•libX11-dev
•g++
•libxft-dev
•libxpm-dev
•libxt-dev
•freeglut3
•freeglut3-dev
•libglut3
•libglut3-dev
•libmotif3
•libmotif-dev
•x11proto-print-dev
•libxaw7-dev
•libmudflap0
•libmudflap0-dev
•po-debconf
•intltool-debian
•subversion
•libusb-dev
•libboost-dev
•libmysql++-dev
•autoconf
•automake
•libtool
• libc6-dev-i386
•graphviz and graphviz-dev for GraphViz software
•libcxx
•libxerces28
•libxerces28-dev
•cppunit-dev

this list is from http://www.scribd.com/doc/17465713/Set-Up-Root-and-Geant4-On-Ubuntu
byJessica Chiang

GA-EP43-UD3L for os x sound and graphic card notes

using Iantares 10.6.3 version, installation was very smooth without any heck up. Everything works bu no sound and no graphic support other than 1024 by 768.

1. using this method to make sound works, downloaded acl1062.zip and followed the instruction.

2. using nvenabler.kext 64 bit, after restart, works like a charm!

the kext installation helper software makes everything easy.

update1: if 2 does not work, try this methods .

next step was to install retail version with bootloader.

update2: tried lots methods for the retail, no luck, give up.

Update 3 on Sept 20 2011:
get the Lion installed very easily, after installation, no sound and graphic not ready. Use the above methods to fix both.Wonderful!

recover windos xp administrator password

if you forget the password, one way (time consuming but worked for me) is to use xp install cd. boot from the CD, on the first window choose install (don't choose repair at this point), then on the second window ask you install, repair or exit, choose repair by press R, then wait the system copy lots files . the system will restart, when the windows start install driver, press"shift+F10" at the same time, this will give you a command window. Now you can type "Lusrmgr.msc" and the local user and group management pop up. Now you can change, reset, and delete any account's password.
close local user management window and the command window, let windows repair process go through.

Fast kilovoltage/megavoltage (kVMV) breathhold cone-beam CT for image-guided radiotherapy of lung cancer

Fast kilovoltage/megavoltage (kVMV) breathhold cone-beam CT for image-guided radiotherapy of lung cancer: "- Sent using Google Toolbar"

MTF CURVE ?

Fig. 1 : object	Fig 2 : image

An optical instrument aims at a pattern composed of alternatively dark and bright bars (figure 1) whose spacing is adjustable. At the focus of the instrument, the image of the pattern is found again (figure 2), but the edges of the bars are less sharp and the contrast is weak : blacks became dark grey, whites became light grey.

The ratio of the contrast of the image (C_i) to the contrast of the pattern (C_p) is a excellent indication of the quality of retransmission of information by the instrument. Ideally, this ratio would be 1 : image identical to object. Un fortunately, the laws of diffraction tell us that at the focus of an instrument, the image of a light point is not a point but a figure whose size is not infinitely small. This means that even a perfect instrument is incapable of retransmitting the information with an absolute accuracy. The ratio C_i/C_p is always less than 1.

The curve above represents the value of the contrast ratio according to the spacing of the pattern bars, for a perfect instrument with no obstruction. When the spacing is very large (small spatial frequency), the instrument retransmits the information with a good accuracy : the ratio is close to 1 (left end of the curve). Then, when the spacing decreases (the spatial frequency increases), the contrast decreases (central part of the curve). Finally, when the bars are very thin (high spatial frequency), the instrument is incapable of separating them : the image is uniformly grey, without any detail (right end of the curve). The resolution limit of the instrument is attained. This maximum frequency only depends on the light wavelenght (l) and the diameter of the instrument (D), its value is (in lines pairs per radian) :

F_max = D/l

For a 250 mm telescope, at 0.6 µm this limit corresponds to 2 lines pairs per arc second, ie 1 line (dark or bright) for 1/4 of arc second.

This limit frequency increases if the wavelenght decreases or if the diameter of the instrument increases. The following figure represents the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) curves for two perfect instruments when the diameter of one of them is half of the diameter of the other. The largest telescope is able to show thinner details, its theoretical limit of resolution is twice the limit of the small instrument.

Although astronomical objects do not look like bar patterns, this type of curve gives valuable information about the performances of an instrument on celestrial objects like the planets or the Moon, because it indicates how the telescope retransmits the contrasts. The scanning of the different spatial frequencies allows to observe the behaviour of the telescope on details at different scales, the low frequencies corresponding to the large details and the high frequencies corresponding to the small details. Moreover, this type of representation allows to display the consequences of all kinds of aberrations that can affect the instrument, and even to simulate their effects on real images.

directly from:http://astrosurf.com/legault/mtf.html

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